Jesus told Nicodemus, “You must be born again.” This man knew Scripture and held a respected position among Israel’s teachers, yet Jesus said he could not see God’s kingdom without new life from God. I cannot assume someone has received that life because he knows Scripture, follows religious disciplines, or grew up in a Christian family. Jesus points Nicodemus to the Spirit who gives life and the Son in whom he must believe.
Why Nicodemus Needed More Than Religion
John 2 ends with people believing in Jesus’ Name because they saw His signs. Jesus did not entrust Himself to them, because He knew what was in man. John then introduces Nicodemus, a Pharisee and ruler of the Jews who came by night and acknowledged Jesus as a teacher sent from God.
Nicodemus spoke respectfully about the signs, but Jesus directed him to his own need for spiritual life. Recognizing that God was with Jesus did not mean Nicodemus understood who Jesus was or how to enter God’s kingdom.
Jesus answered and said to him, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.”
John 3:3
Jewish ancestry, a respected teaching position, and Pharisaic discipline could not give Nicodemus new life. Jesus did not tell Nicodemus to improve his standing or add another religious achievement. He needed life that only God could give.
Coming from a Christian family, attending church, learning Scripture, or serving in ministry cannot create that life either. Nor can an intense emotional experience. Those things may accompany a person’s conversion, but none has the power to make a sinner spiritually alive. When I speak of someone being born again, I mean that he has actually received new life through the Holy Spirit, not simply begun calling himself a Christian or become more interested in religion.
God’s work does not make our response irrelevant. Jesus went on to call Nicodemus to believe in the Son. The gospel presents a genuine appeal that a person can receive or resist, and he is responsible for that response. Believing does not produce life by human power; God gives life through His Spirit as the gospel is believed. Soteriology: The Study of Salvation considers this within the wider doctrine of salvation.
Born From Above by Water and the Spirit
Nicodemus took Jesus’ words as another physical birth and asked how an old man could enter his mother’s womb a second time. The Greek wording gennēthē anōthen can mean born again or born from above. Nicodemus was thinking about repeating natural birth, while Jesus was explaining life whose source is God.
Jesus then explained what He meant by this birth.
Jesus answered, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.”
John 3:5
That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.
John 3:6
Flesh can produce only flesh. Natural birth brings us into a human family, but it cannot bring us into God’s kingdom. A person also cannot create spiritual life within himself through determination. Yet Jesus’ birth analogy does not cancel His call to believe. He identifies the Spirit as the giver of life and directs Nicodemus to the Son in whom he must trust.
Some readers understand the water in John 3:5 as physical birth followed by spiritual birth. Others connect it with baptism. I believe the strongest background is God’s promise of cleansing and inward renewal in Ezekiel 36. God had promised to cleanse His people, give them a new heart and a new human spirit, and put His own Spirit within them.
Then I will sprinkle clean water on you, and you shall be clean; I will cleanse you from all your filthiness and from all your idols. I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you.
Ezekiel 36:25-26
Deuteronomy 30:6 likewise promises that God will circumcise His people’s hearts so they will love Him. That promise helps me understand Jesus’ question to Nicodemus, “Are you the teacher of Israel, and do not know these things?” (John 3:10). As a teacher, he should have recognized God’s promise to change His people inwardly. Jesus was explaining a need that the law and prophets had already exposed.
I do not read John 3:5 as teaching that water baptism causes regeneration, or new birth. Christ commands believers to be baptized after salvation, publicly identifying them with Him. Baptism displays cleansing and union with Christ, but the outward act cannot produce the new heart that only God gives. We should obey Christ’s command while recognizing that the Spirit gives the life baptism declares. Baptism in the Bible develops that distinction from the other baptism passages.
Faith in Christ and God’s Work of Regeneration
To explain faith in the Son, Jesus recalled what God had done for Israel in the wilderness. In Numbers 21, the people sinned and were judged through fiery serpents. God instructed Moses to lift up a bronze serpent, and a person who had been bitten could look at it and live. The remedy came from God; the dying Israelites were called to respond to His promise.
And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life.
John 3:14-15
For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.
John 3:16
The Son lifted up on the cross is the Savior God provides for the world. Faith trusts Him rather than offering religious achievements as payment for life. Salvation depends on His power to save, so I should not look for assurance by measuring the strength of my feelings. John’s opening chapter likewise describes people receiving Christ while making clear that God gives them new birth.
But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
John 1:12-13
People receive Christ and believe in His Name, while God gives them the right to become His children and brings about their new birth. Bloodline and human power cannot accomplish it. I do not have to choose between God giving life and sinners needing to believe when John teaches both. Christ died for the whole world, and everyone who believes in Him receives the life He promises.
Paul uses palingenesia in Titus 3 for regeneration, meaning new birth or a new beginning. He attributes this change to God’s mercy and the Holy Spirit, ruling out our righteous deeds as its cause.
not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit.
Titus 3:5
Peter connects the new birth with the living Word of God.
having been born again, not of corruptible seed but incorruptible, through the word of God which lives and abides forever.
1 Peter 1:23
The Spirit works through the living Word, so the gospel’s message cannot be replaced with vague spiritual advice. Jesus Christ is the eternal Son, fully God and fully man, born of a virgin and entirely sinless. Wicked men tortured and crucified Him, but He willingly gave Himself as the perfect sacrifice for our sins. He completed His saving sacrifice through His shed blood and death. He was buried and rose bodily. The Father did not punish, curse, abandon, strike, bruise, or pour wrath on Jesus. Father, Son, and Holy Spirit were united in this saving work. The Gospel develops Christ’s death and resurrection more fully, and The Blood of Christ for Salvation examines His shed blood in redemption.
As sinners believe this gospel and come to Christ, the Spirit gives them life. No believer can claim to have made himself alive, and no sinner is told to repair himself until he becomes worthy. God calls us to repent and believe. Repentance means turning to God instead of defending our sin, while faith rests on Jesus as Lord and Savior. Neither response buys salvation; we receive the grace He offers. The study on Repentance explains that turning to God more fully.
The Spirit’s Seal and the Believer’s Living Hope
Does someone born again have the Holy Spirit immediately, or must he wait for a further stage before belonging fully to Christ? Paul gives a direct answer.
Now if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he is not His.
Romans 8:9
Everyone who belongs to Christ has His Spirit. The Spirit who gives life also indwells the believer and seals him as God’s own. Indwelling means He lives within us. Paul tells the Ephesians how this happened to them.
In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise.
Ephesians 1:13
They heard the gospel, trusted Christ, and were sealed with the Holy Spirit. Paul goes on to call Him the guarantee of their inheritance until the redemption of God’s purchased possession. My assurance rests on that promise, not on maintaining a particular feeling. The God who gave new life marks His children as His own and keeps them.
Indwelling is different from being filled with the Spirit for service or walking in obedience to Him. Believers are commanded to be filled and to walk by the Spirit. Sin grieves Him, and we should respond to His conviction by confessing and repenting. A truly born-again believer does not lose the Spirit’s seal and need to receive Him again after each sin. His indwelling belongs to salvation itself.
David prayed, “Do not take Your Holy Spirit from me” (Psalm 51:11), and Saul lost the Spirit’s empowering presence associated with his kingship. I read those passages as warnings against presuming on God’s empowerment for an office. They do not teach that a New Covenant believer loses the Spirit’s indwelling whenever he sins. Romans 8 and Ephesians 1 promise that everyone who truly belongs to Christ has His Spirit and is sealed. The Holy Spirit Indwelling vs Coming Upon examines those different aspects of the Spirit’s work.
Peter also connects new birth with our future hope because Jesus has risen from the dead.
Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, who according to His abundant mercy has begotten us again to a living hope through the resurrection of Jesus Christ from the dead.
1 Peter 1:3
Peter wrote to believers facing suffering and grounded their hope in God’s mercy and Christ’s bodily resurrection. Their circumstances could not undo what God had done for them. They belonged to the living Savior, who secures their future. His completed sacrifice saves us, and His resurrection assures us that death will not have the final claim on His people.
God also brings us into His family now. New birth is more than a private experience that leaves us detached from other believers. We become His children and belong in the household of faith, learning to love and serve His people. The Spirit begins to produce His fruit in us because we have received life. That fruit is a result of salvation, never its purchase price.
Grace, Assurance, and the Fruit of New Life
Jesus’ warning to Nicodemus means we cannot use religious standing as proof that we belong to God. A Christian label is not the same as having received Christ. Someone who professes faith while persistently rejecting the Lord and showing no evidence of new life should not be reassured merely because he once used the right words. We need to ask whether we are trusting Christ rather than our membership, baptism, or service.
At the same time, new life does not mean sinless perfection. Believers struggle, stumble, need correction, and grow. We should encourage repentance and obedience without telling a troubled Christian that every failure cancels God’s saving work. Those truly born again are indwelt and sealed, and their new birth cannot be lost. God keeps His children; their religious intensity does not keep them alive.
For these reasons, I reject both Calvinism’s restriction of saving grace and Arminian loss-of-salvation teaching. Classical Calvinism, as expressed in the Canons of Dort, teaches that Christ’s death effectually redeems only the elect, those God chose for salvation. It also teaches that God’s inward call unfailingly brings them to faith. At the same time, the confession calls for preaching the gospel to all and acknowledges that its outward call can be resisted. I understand Scripture to teach that Christ died for all and that the grace offered to every person can be resisted.
God loved the world, and Christ gave Himself as a ransom for all. I cannot limit that provision to people selected without reference to their response. Neither can I treat faith as a payment sinners make toward their salvation. Everyone who believes in the Son receives life through God’s mercy. His invitation is genuine for every hearer, and receiving it gives no grounds for boasting.
I also reject the Arminian teaching that a person truly born again can finally fall away and lose salvation. That view takes the warnings against apostasy seriously, but I believe it makes the new birth and the Spirit’s seal reversible when Scripture presents them as God’s enduring work. Apostasy means abandoning the faith, and false profession is a real danger. Those warnings should expose empty claims and call people to Christ, while His promise gives assurance to everyone who truly belongs to Him.
Security in Christ gives us reason to turn from sin, not permission to settle into it. The Spirit produces love for God and for other Christians, and His children should increasingly show that life through obedience, confession, and repentance. Our assurance rests in Christ’s promise, while the evidence of His work should become visible in how we live.
When we call people to Christ, we must explain what He has done to save them. Advice about finding ourselves cannot give new birth. The Son of God shed His blood and died for sinners, then rose bodily, and He gives life to everyone who believes in Him. We should come to Him ourselves and direct others to Him without substituting religious activity for the life He gives.
My Final Thoughts
Nicodemus needed new life from God despite everything he knew and the position he held. We have the same need. The Holy Spirit gives that life as we receive Jesus Christ by faith, and He indwells and seals everyone truly born again. God keeps His children, so I can trust His promise while taking repentance and obedience seriously. Neither earns the life Christ gives freely. The invitation remains open: whoever believes in the Son has eternal life.
When Jesus said, “You are of your father the devil,” He was confronting men who claimed a relationship with Abraham and with God while rejecting the truth and seeking to kill the Son whom God had sent. Their conduct revealed an allegiance that their religious claims concealed.
I want to read that rebuke within the whole conversation in John 8. Jesus speaks about slavery to sin, the freedom He gives, and what it means to hear God’s Word. He is not condemning people for their ethnicity. The passage warns every religious reader against relying on inherited identity while refusing the Savior.
The Confrontation in John 8
Jesus was teaching in the temple area when He made a public declaration about Himself:
Then Jesus spoke to them again, saying, “I am the light of the world. He who follows Me shall not walk in darkness, but have the light of life.”
John 8:12
The Pharisees objected that He was testifying about Himself. Jesus answered by speaking of the Father who had sent Him and who bore witness to Him. He knew where He had come from and where He was going. Their failure to recognize the Son also exposed their failure to know the Father. They were disputing who Jesus truly is and whether His testimony should be received.
Therefore I said to you that you will die in your sins; for if you do not believe that I am He, you will die in your sins.
John 8:24
Religious standing could not remove their sins. Jesus warned that rejecting Him would leave them to die in those sins, however confidently they spoke about their relationship with God. A respected position, knowledge of Scripture, and a long religious history could not accomplish the deliverance only the Son could give.
John then records Jesus addressing “those Jews who believed Him”:
Then Jesus said to those Jews who believed Him, “If you abide in My word, you are My disciples indeed.
And you shall know the truth, and the truth shall make you free.”
John 8:31-32
To abide is to remain or continue. Jesus identifies genuine disciples by their continuing reception of His word. Yet the conversation soon exposes resistance to that word. I therefore would not treat every initial favorable response to Jesus as proof that a person has been born again. Someone can welcome what he first hears and then reject the Lord’s correction. Continuing in His word reveals genuine discipleship; it does not purchase salvation through a record of flawless obedience.
His hearers answered that they were Abraham’s descendants and had never been in bondage to anyone. Israel had experienced captivity and foreign domination, and Judea was then under Roman rule. Their claim may concern the freedom they associated with their standing as Abraham’s descendants rather than a denial of every foreign occupation. Whatever they intended, they were not acknowledging the bondage Jesus was exposing:
Jesus answered them, “Most assuredly, I say to you, whoever commits sin is a slave of sin.
And a slave does not abide in the house forever, but a son abides forever.
Therefore if the Son makes you free, you shall be free indeed.”
John 8:34-36
Jesus was speaking about slavery to sin. Claiming Abraham as an ancestor could not free a person from that slavery. The Son has the authority to give the freedom and lasting place in God’s household that a slave cannot secure for himself. Their appeal to ancestry could not answer His warning about sin. They needed to receive the freedom He offered.
Abraham’s Children and the Devil’s Children
Jesus explicitly acknowledged their ancestry: “I know that you are Abraham’s descendants.” What He challenged was their claim to be Abraham’s spiritual children. They were seeking the death of the One who spoke God’s truth:
They answered and said to Him, “Abraham is our father.”
Jesus said to them, “If you were Abraham’s children, you would do the works of Abraham.
But now you seek to kill Me, a Man who has told you the truth which I heard from God. Abraham did not do this.”
John 8:39-40
Descent from Abraham carried real privileges. God gave Israel the covenants and entrusted the nation with His Word, and the Messiah came through Abraham’s family. Jesus did not need to deny those facts to expose unbelief. The men confronting Him were appealing to an ancestor whose response to God differed from their own.
And he believed in the LORD, and He accounted it to him for righteousness.
Genesis 15:6
Abraham believed God’s promise, and God counted him righteous through faith. His obedience grew out of that trust, whereas these men sought to kill the One who spoke God’s truth.
Jesus identified the allegiance expressed through their desire to kill Him and their rejection of the truth:
You are of your father the devil, and the desires of your father you want to do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and does not stand in the truth, because there is no truth in him.
When he speaks a lie, he speaks from his own resources, for he is a liar and the father of it.
John 8:44
Jesus explains why He calls the devil their father: they wanted to do what the devil desired. Their intent to murder and their refusal of truth resembled his character. He was not saying that Satan had physically fathered them. He was exposing a spiritual allegiance through actions they chose to pursue.
The devil’s work in Eden began with deception about God’s Word and drew humanity into sin and death. In John 8, the same hostility to God’s truth appears in the determination to reject His Son. The study on Satan examines what Scripture reveals about his rebellion and deception.
Jesus then presses the reason for their unbelief:
But because I tell the truth, you do not believe Me.
Which of you convicts Me of sin? And if I tell the truth, why do you not believe Me?
He who is of God hears God’s words; therefore you do not hear, because you are not of God.
John 8:45-47
They could not establish that Jesus was sinful or that His message was false. He told them the truth, yet they refused Him. His words exposed their lack of a genuine relationship with the God they claimed as Father. Hearing in this passage means receiving God’s words, not merely having the sound reach one’s ears.
Later in the conversation, Jesus returned to Abraham’s response to His own coming:
Your father Abraham rejoiced to see My day, and he saw it and was glad.
John 8:56
I understand Christ to be the fulfillment of the promise in which Abraham rejoiced. Jesus does not explain here every detail of how Abraham saw His day, but He does tell us that Abraham was glad. The men who claimed Abraham as their father were trying to kill the One in whom Abraham rejoiced.
Because I read and teach Scripture, I need to take Jesus’ verdict personally. Familiarity with the Bible cannot excuse my refusal to receive what it says. The men in this conversation knew the names and promises of their faith, but used them to resist the Son those promises concerned. A religious vocabulary cannot replace trust in Him.
A Warning About Unbelief, Not Ethnicity
Using John 8 to justify hatred of Jewish people contradicts the argument Jesus makes. He acknowledges physical ancestry while confronting unbelief and murderous intent. His rebuke concerns the people before Him and the conduct He identifies. It is not a declaration that everyone sharing their ancestry is a child of the devil.
Jesus is Israel’s Messiah, born to a Jewish mother and raised in a Jewish home. John the Baptist and the apostles were Jewish, and the first thousands of believers in Jerusalem came from Israel. John’s Gospel itself records Jewish people believing in Jesus. The same Gospel preserves these words from His conversation with the Samaritan woman:
You worship what you do not know; we know what we worship, for salvation is of the Jews.
John 4:22
God’s promises and His dealings with Israel brought salvation into the world through the Messiah. Jesus was speaking from within that history, not expressing hostility toward a people foreign to Him. To turn His rebuke into a condemnation of a bloodline would ignore both His acknowledgment of their ancestry and His explanation of their wrongdoing.
A Gentile has no ground for superiority here. Rejecting Christ and choosing darkness do not become acceptable because a person has a different ancestry. Nor can a Christian family, baptism, years of ministry, or extensive Bible knowledge give a person saving faith. Every sinner needs the Son, and everyone who receives Him is welcomed into God’s family.
How a Person Becomes a Child of God
People sometimes say that we are all God’s children. There is a sense in which every person owes his existence to God, bears His image, and lives under His authority. Paul appealed to that shared origin when he addressed idolaters in Athens:
For in Him we live and move and have our being, as also some of your own poets have said, “For we are also His offspring.”
Therefore, since we are the offspring of God, we ought not to think that the Divine Nature is like gold or silver or stone, something shaped by art and man’s devising.
Acts 17:28-29
Paul was explaining that the God who made us cannot be reduced to an image we manufacture out of metal or stone. His reference to human beings as God’s offspring concerns our creation and dependence on Him. It does not mean that all people are already reconciled to Him. John describes becoming God’s children through a saving relationship with Christ:
But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name:
who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
John 1:12-13
Those who receive Christ and believe in His name are born of God. The new birth is “not of blood”; family descent cannot produce it. Neither human effort nor another person’s wishes can bring it about. God gives the new life to those who receive His Son. The study on being born again explains this relationship more fully.
Romans 8:9–10 also connects belonging to Christ with the presence of His Spirit. A Christian label cannot supply the Spirit or make an unbeliever Christ’s own. When I use the word regeneration, I mean genuine new birth, which becomes evident in a changed response to God and to other people. John describes that evidence:
In this the children of God and the children of the devil are manifest: Whoever does not practice righteousness is not of God, nor is he who does not love his brother.
1 John 3:10
The new life comes first, and righteous conduct follows as its fruit. Works do not earn sonship or keep a believer saved. At the same time, a person cannot make hatred and rebellion harmless by claiming a religious identity. John distinguishes the children of God from the children of the devil through their conduct and love, continuing the spiritual distinction Jesus made.
The issue also reaches beyond present conduct to final judgment. I understand Scripture to teach that every person’s name is initially written in the Book of Life. Those who finally reject Christ and remain in unbelief are blotted out; believers remain in the book, while their sins are blotted out through Christ’s blood. Removing sins and removing a person’s name are different things. Christ gives this assurance:
He who overcomes shall be clothed in white garments, and I will not blot out his name from the Book of Life; but I will confess his name before My Father and before His angels.
Revelation 3:5
Revelation also describes people deceived by the beast whose names are absent from the book:
The beast that you saw was, and is not, and will ascend out of the bottomless pit and go to perdition. And those who dwell on the earth will marvel, whose names are not written in the Book of Life from the foundation of the world, when they see the beast that was, and is not, and yet is.
Revelation 17:8
Readers differ over how these passages fit together. Some understand Revelation 17:8 as describing people whose names were never entered. I read its description of absent names alongside the references to blotting out. I understand those names to be absent because the people persisted in unbelief. My conclusion that their names were initially written in the book comes from reading the passages together; Revelation 17:8 does not itself describe their names being entered and removed.
The final judgment distinguishes the record of deeds from the Book of Life:
And I saw the dead, small and great, standing before God, and books were opened. And another book was opened, which is the Book of Life.
And the dead were judged according to their works, by the things which were written in the books.
Revelation 20:12
The books record works for judgment, while the Book of Life identifies those who have life. Revelation 20:15 says that anyone not found in it is cast into the Lake of Fire. Rejecting the Son is therefore more serious than choosing one private religious preference over another.
This warning concerns final unbelief, not a truly born-again person losing salvation. The Holy Spirit seals those who have received Christ, and they are secure in Him. Christ died for the world, and the offer of life is genuine for every person. People can resist that grace and refuse the Savior, but their refusal does not show that His provision was insufficient or His invitation insincere.
Hardening, Judgment, and the Gospel’s Answer
As the conversation in John 8 continues, Jesus’ opponents answer Him with accusations, and the chapter ends with their taking up stones to throw at Him. Their appeal to Abraham did not bring them to trust the One Abraham anticipated. The truth Jesus spoke exposed their resistance instead of confirming their religious confidence.
Paul’s warning in Hebrews addresses the danger of refusing God’s voice:
While it is said: “Today, if you will hear His voice, Do not harden your hearts as in the rebellion.”
Hebrews 3:15
Hardening is more than being confused or asking an honest question. It happens when God’s Word exposes sin and a person protects it instead of responding. I can defend a tradition because admitting its error would embarrass me, or keep explaining away a command because obedience would cost something I want to keep. Jesus’ words call for an honest response to Him, rather than a defense of the identity I have built around myself.
We should not confuse that settled resistance with a tender believer’s grief over sin. Someone who recognizes wrongdoing, seeks forgiveness, and wants Christ’s correction is responding differently from those who reject His truth and seek His death. The warning should expose false confidence and bring sinners to the Savior, while His promises give assurance to those who trust Him.
Religious performance and self-improvement cannot release us from the bondage Jesus describes. God Himself has provided the Son who makes sinners free:
For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.
John 3:16
And He Himself is the propitiation for our sins, and not for ours only but also for the whole world.
1 John 2:2
Propitiation refers to the sacrifice that fully satisfies what is required to deal with our sins. John identifies Jesus Himself as that sacrifice and expressly includes the whole world. No sinner needs to conclude that Christ’s provision is too small to include him. The God who loves the world calls people to believe in His Son and receive life.
Jesus is the eternal Son, fully God and fully man, without sin. Wicked people inflicted the bodily suffering and crucifixion that He willingly endured for our redemption. He gave Himself to be slain as the perfect sacrifice for our sins, shedding His innocent blood and dying to redeem us. His atoning sacrifice was complete at His death, before His burial and bodily resurrection. Through Him, even a person who has spent years resisting the truth can receive forgiveness. The study on the gospel develops that good news.
We cannot preserve a neutral position in which we admire Jesus while finally refusing Him. He describes the issue plainly:
He who is not with Me is against Me, and he who does not gather with Me scatters abroad.
Matthew 12:30
When the Corinthians sought proof that Christ spoke through Paul, he turned the examination toward their own faith (2 Corinthians 13:3–5). He called them to consider whether Christ was in them:
Examine yourselves as to whether you are in the faith. Test yourselves. Do you not know yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you? unless indeed you are disqualified.
2 Corinthians 13:5
I need to ask whether I receive Christ’s Word and trust the salvation He accomplished, rather than rely on my background or reputation. Such examination should lead me to His gospel and His promises. It should not become an endless attempt to discover enough virtue in myself to deserve salvation. A new willingness to receive the truth, repent of sin, and love others gives evidence of new life. Our confidence rests in the Savior who gives that life.
The study on self-examination in 1 John 2 considers how warnings and assurance belong together. The Lord who exposes false claims is also the One who receives sinners. We come to the Father through Him, trusting His blood and His promise of life.
My Final Thoughts
Jesus identified the devil’s children by their rejection of truth and their desire to do the devil’s works. He was confronting spiritual allegiance, not condemning Jewish ancestry. Abraham’s descendants needed Abraham’s faith, and a Christian background cannot give any of us the new birth.
I want to hear the warning personally without losing sight of the invitation that runs through the passage. The Son makes sinners free, and everyone who receives Him becomes a child of God. We can acknowledge our sin, turn from the false confidence we have defended, and trust the crucified and risen Lord who gives His people life.
Jesus told His disciples to take up the cross after explaining that He would suffer, die, and rise again. Peter had objected to that path, and Jesus corrected him before addressing everyone who wanted to follow Him. I want to begin there because self-denial can easily be confused with hating ourselves, seeking pain, or trying to earn salvation. Jesus calls us to follow Him with an allegiance that holds when obedience becomes costly.
Jesus Calls Us to Follow Behind His Cross
From that time Jesus began to show to His disciples that He must go to Jerusalem, and suffer many things from the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised the third day. Then Peter took Him aside and began to rebuke Him, saying, “Far be it from You, Lord; this shall not happen to You!” But He turned and said to Peter, “Get behind Me, Satan! You are an offense to Me, for you are not mindful of the things of God, but the things of men.” Then Jesus said to His disciples, “If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me. For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will find it. For what profit is it to a man if he gains the whole world, and loses his own soul? Or what will a man give in exchange for his soul? For the Son of Man will come in the glory of His Father with His angels, and then He will reward each according to his works. Assuredly, I say to you, there are some standing here who shall not taste death till they see the Son of Man coming in His kingdom.”
Matthew 16:21-28
Jesus named what awaited Him in Jerusalem: suffering at the hands of the leaders, death, and resurrection on the third day. Peter took Him aside and rebuked Him. The future Peter wanted for his Lord excluded the suffering Jesus said must come. Jesus answered sharply because Peter’s proposal opposed God’s purpose, however protective it might have sounded.
The command about the disciple’s cross follows that exchange. Jesus was going to His unique saving death, and He was preparing His followers for the losses they could face because they belonged to Him. We do not add our pain to His atonement or devise a private ordeal to make ourselves acceptable. Following the crucified and risen Lord means trusting Him when His commands lead us away from something we want to keep.
To the first hearers, carrying a cross meant going to a Roman execution marked by public shame. Jesus was not merely describing an inconvenience. Following Him could cost a person reputation, possessions, family approval, freedom, or life itself. His words ask whether we will remain loyal when keeping those things would require denying Him.
Sickness and everyday frustration can become occasions for faithful trust, but they are not automatically crosses in this particular sense. Neither is the painful result of my own wrongdoing. The loss Jesus describes is accepted for His sake. I need to identify that connection before calling every difficulty evidence of costly discipleship.
When He had called the people to Himself, with His disciples also, He said to them, “Whoever desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross, and follow Me. For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake and the gospel’s will save it. For what will it profit a man if he gains the whole world, and loses his own soul? Or what will a man give in exchange for his soul? For whoever is ashamed of Me and My words in this adulterous and sinful generation, of him the Son of Man also will be ashamed when He comes in the glory of His Father with the holy angels.”
Mark 8:34-38
The command to deny oneself uses a verb that can mean deny or disown. In this context I understand it as renouncing my claim to govern life independently of Jesus. A strong desire does not become right because I feel it intensely, and fear of another person’s reaction cannot overrule what He commands. Even a worthwhile ambition must yield when pursuing it would require disobedience.
Giving up a pleasure for a season can be useful, but impressive discipline can leave a person thoroughly proud. Self-denial reaches the decisions I would otherwise reserve for myself. Christ has authority over my speech and sexual conduct, the way I work and treat people, and the use I make of His gifts. I still need to think carefully and take responsibility for my choices, letting His commands govern me instead of making personal preference the final word.
Luke records the same call with a word that makes its continuing practice especially clear.
And it happened, as He was alone praying, that His disciples joined Him, and He asked them, saying, “Who do the crowds say that I am?” So they answered and said, “John the Baptist, but some say Elijah; and others say that one of the old prophets has risen again.” He said to them, “But who do you say that I am?” Peter answered and said, “The Christ of God.” And He strictly warned and commanded them to tell this to no one, saying, “The Son of Man must suffer many things, and be rejected by the elders and chief priests and scribes, and be killed, and be raised the third day.” Then He said to them all, “If anyone desires to come after Me, let him deny himself, and take up his cross daily, and follow Me. For whoever desires to save his life will lose it, but whoever loses his life for My sake will save it. For what profit is it to a man if he gains the whole world, and is himself destroyed or lost? For whoever is ashamed of Me and My words, of him the Son of Man will be ashamed when He comes in His own glory, and in His Father’s, and of the holy angels.
Luke 9:18-26
Jesus said to take up the cross “daily.” Our allegiance to Him is put into practice as choices arise again and again. If telling the truth jeopardizes my reputation, I cannot make a lie acceptable by explaining how much I would lose. If obeying Scripture brings ridicule, I need to decide whose approval I am seeking. Faithfulness can also mean continuing a useful responsibility when it receives little notice.
The Greek word psyche can refer to life or the soul. Jesus warns about trying to preserve our earthly life by refusing Him. His warning reaches beyond losing a pleasure or missing an opportunity: gaining the whole world cannot compensate for losing oneself before God. Someone who rejects Christ to keep earthly advantages faces a loss no wealth can repair. Someone who belongs to Him may lose earthly life without losing the everlasting life He gives.
Jesus is not encouraging us to seek death. He is teaching us to obey Him even when physical survival or public approval is at stake. The Son of Man will return in glory and judge rightly, so the people who approve or reject us now cannot have final authority over our decisions. Neither achievement nor religious effort nor a painful sacrifice can ransom the soul. We must trust the Savior who gives this warning.
Count the Cost Without Turning Grace Into Wages
Now great multitudes went with Him. And He turned and said to them, “If anyone comes to Me and does not hate his father and mother, wife and children, brothers and sisters, yes, and his own life also, he cannot be My disciple. And whoever does not bear his cross and come after Me cannot be My disciple. For which of you, intending to build a tower, does not sit down first and count the cost, whether he has enough to finish it– lest, after he has laid the foundation, and is not able to finish, all who see it begin to mock him, saying, ‘This man began to build and was not able to finish’? Or what king, going to make war against another king, does not sit down first and consider whether he is able with ten thousand to meet him who comes against him with twenty thousand? Or else, while the other is still a great way off, he sends a delegation and asks conditions of peace. So likewise, whoever of you does not forsake all that he has cannot be My disciple. “Salt is good; but if the salt has lost its flavor, how shall it be seasoned? It is neither fit for the land nor for the dunghill, but men throw it out. He who has ears to hear, let him hear!”
Luke 14:25-35
Jesus addressed crowds, not merely a small group already prepared for hardship. He put loyalty to Himself above love for family and the preservation of life. His forceful use of “hate” cannot mean permission to abuse or neglect those He elsewhere commands us to love. Matthew 10:37 states the comparison directly: loving a parent or child more than Him is incompatible with the allegiance He requires. When family expectations demand sin, love for Christ must govern our response.
The builder must consider whether he can finish his tower, and the king must assess whether his army can withstand the force approaching him. Jesus uses those situations to expose the folly of beginning without reckoning with what lies ahead. Someone may enjoy belonging to the crowd until following Him threatens a cherished attachment. He tells us beforehand that none of our loyalties or possessions is exempt from His claim.
Forsaking all does not mean every disciple must abandon every lawful possession. We receive what we have as stewards, responsible for using God’s gifts faithfully rather than treating them as beyond His authority. Christ can require us to part with something, and we may not refuse simply because we call it ours. I need to consider whether I am reserving a part of life in which I will not listen to Him.
None of this means we earn eternal life by sacrifice. The thief beside Jesus had no lifetime left to establish a record of costly service, yet he believed and received the Lord’s promise. Justification means God declares the believer righteous. We receive that standing through faith in Christ, not by denying ourselves enough. Counting the cost requires us to face what following Him can involve; it does not tell us how to purchase salvation.
A profession of faith that reserves the right to disregard Christ gives us no sound basis for assurance. Yet a struggling believer must not be sent away to earn acceptance through harder sacrifices. Grace freely gives life to the person who believes, and God teaches that saved person to obey. Good works grow out of the life God has given; they do not earn salvation or keep us saved. Growth can be uneven without making the new birth a gradual achievement.
The Old Man Was Crucified When God Gave New Life
The familiar expression “die to yourself” gathers several related truths into one phrase, but it is not Jesus’ exact command in these passages. He speaks of denying oneself, taking up the cross, and following Him. Paul also speaks of the old man being crucified with Christ and of putting sinful deeds to death. We need to distinguish the new identity God gives at salvation from the continuing obedience of the person He has made new.
We who are Jews by nature, and not sinners of the Gentiles, knowing that a man is not justified by the works of the law but by faith in Jesus Christ, even we have believed in Christ Jesus, that we might be justified by faith in Christ and not by the works of the law; for by the works of the law no flesh shall be justified. “But if, while we seek to be justified by Christ, we ourselves also are found sinners, is Christ therefore a minister of sin? Certainly not! For if I build again those things which I destroyed, I make myself a transgressor. For I through the law died to the law that I might live to God. I have been crucified with Christ; it is no longer I who live, but Christ lives in me; and the life which I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself for me. I do not set aside the grace of God; for if righteousness comes through the law, then Christ died in vain.”
Galatians 2:15-21
Paul is defending justification by faith against the attempt to become righteous by keeping the law. He no longer looks to his own obedience to establish his standing before God. When he says, “I have been crucified with Christ,” he describes his union with Jesus in His death and the decisive change God has made in him.
Paul had not ceased to exist, for in the same sentence he describes “the life which I now live” by faith in the Son of God who loved him. Christ lives in him without erasing him as a person. Nor does Paul’s suffering repeat Christ’s saving death. Because the Son gave Himself for him, Paul now lives in dependence on what Jesus has already accomplished.
What shall we say then? Shall we continue in sin that grace may abound? Certainly not! How shall we who died to sin live any longer in it? Or do you not know that as many of us as were baptized into Christ Jesus were baptized into His death? Therefore we were buried with Him through baptism into death, that just as Christ was raised from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life. For if we have been united together in the likeness of His death, certainly we also shall be in the likeness of His resurrection, knowing this, that our old man was crucified with Him, that the body of sin might be done away with, that we should no longer be slaves of sin. For he who has died has been freed from sin. Now if we died with Christ, we believe that we shall also live with Him, knowing that Christ, having been raised from the dead, dies no more. Death no longer has dominion over Him. For the death that He died, He died to sin once for all; but the life that He lives, He lives to God. Likewise you also, reckon yourselves to be dead indeed to sin, but alive to God in Christ Jesus our Lord. Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body, that you should obey it in its lusts. And do not present your members as instruments of unrighteousness to sin, but present yourselves to God as being alive from the dead, and your members as instruments of righteousness to God. For sin shall not have dominion over you, for you are not under law but under grace.
Romans 6:1-14
Romans 6 begins by rejecting the claim that grace gives us permission to continue in sin. Our old man “was crucified” with Christ so that we would no longer be slaves to sin. I understand the old man to mean the person we were in Adam before God made us new in Christ. That change happened at salvation; we do not crucify the old man afresh every morning.
Sin still seeks our obedience, which is why Paul goes on to tell believers how to act. We are to reckon ourselves dead to sin and alive to God, refusing to use our bodies for unrighteousness and presenting ourselves to Him instead. We act on the relationship God has already established. When a believer yields to sin, he is obeying a master that no longer has the right to rule him.
Water baptism publicly expresses this new relationship to Christ, picturing burial and resurrection with Him. It follows faith as an act Christ commands; the water does not create union with Him or regenerate the heart. Regeneration means new birth, the work of the Holy Spirit that Jesus explained to Nicodemus.
There was a man of the Pharisees named Nicodemus, a ruler of the Jews. This man came to Jesus by night and said to Him, “Rabbi, we know that You are a teacher come from God; for no one can do these signs that You do unless God is with him.” Jesus answered and said to him, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.” Nicodemus said to Him, “How can a man be born when he is old? Can he enter a second time into his mother’s womb and be born?” Jesus answered, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God. That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Do not marvel that I said to you, ‘You must be born again.’ The wind blows where it wishes, and you hear the sound of it, but cannot tell where it comes from and where it goes. So is everyone who is born of the Spirit.” Nicodemus answered and said to Him, “How can these things be?” Jesus answered and said to him, “Are you the teacher of Israel, and do not know these things? Most assuredly, I say to you, We speak what We know and testify what We have seen, and you do not receive Our witness. If I have told you earthly things and you do not believe, how will you believe if I tell you heavenly things? No one has ascended to heaven but He who came down from heaven, that is, the Son of Man who is in heaven. And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life. For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life. For God did not send His Son into the world to condemn the world, but that the world through Him might be saved. “He who believes in Him is not condemned; but he who does not believe is condemned already, because he has not believed in the name of the only begotten Son of God.
John 3:1-18
Nicodemus had religious knowledge and standing, but Jesus told him he needed to be born again, or born from above. He could not acquire spiritual life by gradually improving himself. The Holy Spirit gives that life, and Jesus directed Nicodemus to believe in the Son who would be lifted up.
A birth is decisive even though growth takes time. An immature believer is still someone God has made new and given everlasting life. The Holy Spirit indwells and seals that person. Faith receives Christ and His gift; it does not earn life by proving beforehand how well the person will grow. If I turn regeneration into a lifelong process, I leave people trying to become alive through the discipleship that should follow new birth.
Put Sinful Deeds to Death by the Spirit
There is therefore now no condemnation to those who are in Christ Jesus, who do not walk according to the flesh, but according to the Spirit. For the law of the Spirit of life in Christ Jesus has made me free from the law of sin and death. For what the law could not do in that it was weak through the flesh, God did by sending His own Son in the likeness of sinful flesh, on account of sin: He condemned sin in the flesh, that the righteous requirement of the law might be fulfilled in us who do not walk according to the flesh but according to the Spirit. For those who live according to the flesh set their minds on the things of the flesh, but those who live according to the Spirit, the things of the Spirit. For to be carnally minded is death, but to be spiritually minded is life and peace. Because the carnal mind is enmity against God; for it is not subject to the law of God, nor indeed can be. So then, those who are in the flesh cannot please God. But you are not in the flesh but in the Spirit, if indeed the Spirit of God dwells in you. Now if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he is not His. And if Christ is in you, the body is dead because of sin, but the Spirit is life because of righteousness. But if the Spirit of Him who raised Jesus from the dead dwells in you, He who raised Christ from the dead will also give life to your mortal bodies through His Spirit who dwells in you. Therefore, brethren, we are debtors–not to the flesh, to live according to the flesh. For if you live according to the flesh you will die; but if by the Spirit you put to death the deeds of the body, you will live. For as many as are led by the Spirit of God, these are sons of God. For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, “Abba, Father.” The Spirit Himself bears witness with our spirit that we are children of God, and if children, then heirs–heirs of God and joint heirs with Christ, if indeed we suffer with Him, that we may also be glorified together.
Romans 8:1-17
Paul addresses people who belong to Christ and have His Spirit, assuring them that there is no condemnation in Him. He then calls those believers to put sinful deeds to death by the Spirit. They obey as people already received into God’s family, rather than as outsiders trying to earn adoption.
This continuing resistance to sin is often called mortification, meaning putting sin to death. We actively reject sinful practices through the Holy Spirit’s power. The body itself is God’s creation, not an enemy to injure. Paul is describing what we do with it and the desires we allow to govern us. The Spirit convicts through truth, changes our desires, and enables obedience.
Paul warns that living according to the flesh leads to death. We cannot claim to belong to Christ while treating the way we live as irrelevant to that claim. The Spirit dwells in God’s children and works in them to resist sin. This warning does not teach that a believer’s sin revokes the new birth, but it does require us to take disobedience seriously. Assurance must never become a reason to dismiss the very sin the Spirit calls us to put to death.
Calling a struggle “dying to self” does not identify what I need to change. If I keep lying to protect my image, I need to confess the lies and tell the truth. If I repeatedly seek out what feeds sexual sin, I need to remove that access rather than defend it as harmless. A trustworthy believer may need to help me recognize excuses and remain accountable. Repentance involves turning from the sin itself and doing what Christ commands in its place.
I say then: Walk in the Spirit, and you shall not fulfill the lust of the flesh. For the flesh lusts against the Spirit, and the Spirit against the flesh; and these are contrary to one another, so that you do not do the things that you wish. But if you are led by the Spirit, you are not under the law. Now the works of the flesh are evident, which are: adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lewdness, idolatry, sorcery, hatred, contentions, jealousies, outbursts of wrath, selfish ambitions, dissensions, heresies, envy, murders, drunkenness, revelries, and the like; of which I tell you beforehand, just as I also told you in time past, that those who practice such things will not inherit the kingdom of God. But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, self-control. Against such there is no law. And those who are Christ’s have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires. If we live in the Spirit, let us also walk in the Spirit. Let us not become conceited, provoking one another, envying one another.
Galatians 5:16-26
Here flesh describes fallen desires opposed to God, rather than the mere fact of having a physical body. Growing Christians experience the conflict between those desires and the Spirit. Paul says those who belong to Christ have crucified the flesh with its passions and desires, then calls them to walk by the Spirit. Because they belong to Christ, they are to follow the Spirit’s leading in how they live.
The works he names include sexual immorality and idolatry, but also hatred, jealousy, outbursts of anger, and selfish ambition. His warning that those who practice such things will not inherit God’s kingdom should stop a person from treating an unrepentant pattern as normal Christian life. A claim of faith needs to be examined where there is no evidence of repentance or the Spirit’s work.
The Spirit also produces love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness, and self-control. As He teaches us to resist jealousy and conceit, He frees us to love and serve people we might otherwise resent or use. Holiness does not erase the person God made or make joy suspect. Paul ends by warning against provoking and envying one another, bringing his teaching into the relationships where those sins can so readily take hold.
If then you were raised with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ is, sitting at the right hand of God. Set your mind on things above, not on things on the earth. For you died, and your life is hidden with Christ in God. When Christ who is our life appears, then you also will appear with Him in glory. Therefore put to death your members which are on the earth: fornication, uncleanness, passion, evil desire, and covetousness, which is idolatry. Because of these things the wrath of God is coming upon the sons of disobedience, in which you yourselves once walked when you lived in them. But now you yourselves are to put off all these: anger, wrath, malice, blasphemy, filthy language out of your mouth. Do not lie to one another, since you have put off the old man with his deeds, and have put on the new man who is renewed in knowledge according to the image of Him who created him, where there is neither Greek nor Jew, circumcised nor uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave nor free, but Christ is all and in all. Therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, put on tender mercies, kindness, humility, meekness, longsuffering; bearing with one another, and forgiving one another, if anyone has a complaint against another; even as Christ forgave you, so you also must do. But above all these things put on love, which is the bond of perfection. And let the peace of God rule in your hearts, to which also you were called in one body; and be thankful. Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly in all wisdom, teaching and admonishing one another in psalms and hymns and spiritual songs, singing with grace in your hearts to the Lord. And whatever you do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through Him.
Colossians 3:1-17
Paul first tells believers that they died and that their life is hidden with Christ in God. They will appear with Him in glory because they belong to Him. With that assurance established, he commands them to put sinful practices to death. He names sexual sin, evil desire, and covetousness, then anger, malice, filthy speech, and lying. Feeling deeply moved to surrender does not excuse me from dealing with those habits.
Having named what must go, Paul describes how believers are to treat one another. People forgiven by Christ must learn to forgive, show mercy, and bear patiently with others. Love binds the believing community together, while the Word of Christ shapes its teaching and singing. His instruction to do everything in Jesus’ name with thanksgiving includes work, family duties, and everyday conversations. Those are among the places where we learn to obey Him.
Cross-Bearing Is Not Self-Destruction
Paul also speaks of daily death while explaining why he continues to face danger in his work of preaching the gospel.
Otherwise, what will they do who are baptized for the dead, if the dead do not rise at all? Why then are they baptized for the dead? And why do we stand in jeopardy every hour? I affirm, by the boasting in you which I have in Christ Jesus our Lord, I die daily. If, in the manner of men, I have fought with beasts at Ephesus, what advantage is it to me? If the dead do not rise, “Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we die!” Do not be deceived: “Evil company corrupts good habits.” Awake to righteousness, and do not sin; for some do not have the knowledge of God. I speak this to your shame.
1 Corinthians 15:29-34
In defending bodily resurrection, Paul asks why he and other gospel workers face danger every hour if the dead do not rise. “I die daily” describes his continual exposure to physical death. He is not saying that he repeatedly crucifies the old man, and this verse does not supply his teaching about putting sinful desires to death. We find those commands in passages such as Romans 8 and Colossians 3.
Paul could continue preaching despite the threat to his life because he expected God to raise him bodily. His hope rested in what the risen Christ had secured for him. Jesus Himself had spoken about His approaching death and the life it would bring, then called His servants to follow Him.
Now there were certain Greeks among those who came up to worship at the feast. Then they came to Philip, who was from Bethsaida of Galilee, and asked him, saying, “Sir, we wish to see Jesus.” Philip came and told Andrew, and in turn Andrew and Philip told Jesus. But Jesus answered them, saying, “The hour has come that the Son of Man should be glorified. Most assuredly, I say to you, unless a grain of wheat falls into the ground and dies, it remains alone; but if it dies, it produces much grain. He who loves his life will lose it, and he who hates his life in this world will keep it for eternal life. If anyone serves Me, let him follow Me; and where I am, there My servant will be also. If anyone serves Me, him My Father will honor. “Now My soul is troubled, and what shall I say? ‘Father, save Me from this hour’? But for this purpose I came to this hour. Father, glorify Your name.” Then a voice came from heaven, saying, “I have both glorified it and will glorify it again.”
John 12:20-28
When Greeks came seeking Him, Jesus announced that His hour had arrived. The grain of wheat falling into the ground and dying points first to His own death, through which He would bring life to others. He then speaks of servants following Him and the Father honoring them. That promise gives us reason to follow when obedience costs us something, but it does not guarantee earthly success after every painful loss. Jesus saves through His death; pain by itself has no power to save or make us holy.
Denying self therefore does not mean despising the person God made in His image, injuring the body, or treating exhaustion as proof of holiness. God gives us work to do and people to love, along with food, rest, beauty, and occasions for celebration. We can receive those gifts gratefully. Seeking education, doing good work, or hoping to marry and raise a family need not compete with devotion to Christ. The same is true of exercise, art, running a business, or planning finances. We need to pursue those things under His authority, willing to change or relinquish them when obedience requires it.
Jesus called His disciples to rest, did not entrust Himself to everyone, and confronted evil. His willingness to fulfill His saving mission did not require Him to submit passively to every avoidable threat. Rest can be obedience, while overcommitment may grow out of pride or fear of disappointing people. I need to ask whether I am carrying a responsibility God has given or trying to satisfy demands I have mistaken for His will.
Another person’s demand does not become Christ’s command simply because obeying it would cost me something. We may refuse manipulation and seek protection from wrongdoing. Forgiveness rejects personal vengeance without denying truth or rightful consequences. It does not require leaving vulnerable people exposed, and it does not require restoring a biblically disqualified leader to office. Calling such harm a cross can become an excuse for someone else’s sin.
There will still be choices in which obedience requires a painful loss. I may need to turn down a dishonest opportunity, leave a relationship that keeps demanding sin, confess attempts to control people, or change spending habits that misuse what God has entrusted to me. In another case, self-denial means accepting a good responsibility I have avoided because it requires patient work.
I need to begin with what Scripture says, then consider which desire is governing my decision, who will be served, and who may be harmed. Am I afraid of losing approval, or am I avoiding an obligation because I want comfort? Can I carry out this decision in Christ’s name with thanksgiving? Prayer and truthful counsel can help me face those questions honestly. When I fail, I need to confess rather than hide it and return to the obedience He requires.
Resurrection Hope Keeps the Cross in Its Proper Place
If Jesus had remained dead, carrying the cross would end in loss. But He rose bodily and will raise His people. We can obey Him when it costs us earthly advantages because our future does not depend on keeping them. He will also reward faithful service. Death remains an enemy, but it cannot cancel the everlasting life He gives.
That security does not make sin inconsequential. Disobedience grieves the Spirit, harms people, and damages Christian witness. The Father disciplines His children, and unfaithfulness can cost reward. We should therefore receive assurance as a reason to obey, not an excuse to resist correction.
Our crosses cannot atone for sin, however much following Jesus costs us. He alone is the eternal Son, fully God and fully man, born of a virgin and completely sinless. His perfection made Him the perfect sacrifice, and He voluntarily gave Himself to be slain for our sins. Wicked men tortured and killed Him; in shedding His blood and dying, He completed His saving sacrifice. He was then buried and rose bodily from the grave. The Father did not punish, curse, abandon, strike, bruise, or pour wrath upon His Son. Father and Son remained united throughout the work of redemption.
Christ’s sacrifice was for the sins of the whole world, so the invitation to trust Him is genuine for every person. People can resist God’s grace and reject Him, but everyone who repents and believes in Christ is forgiven and justified. God makes that person a new creation, and the Holy Spirit indwells and seals him. The person truly born again is eternally secure in Christ. We must distinguish that new birth from a shallow profession of faith, and we must never use security to excuse lawlessness.
Discipleship is the response of the person grace has made alive. Taking up the cross cannot persuade Jesus to save me or supply something His sacrifice lacked. Because He has saved me, I have reason to trust Him when obedience threatens something I would prefer to keep.
My Final Thoughts
I need to deny sinful self-rule so that Jesus governs how I live, including the choices that cost me approval or comfort. God has already made the believer new in Christ; daily obedience does not recreate that birth. By the Spirit, we resist particular sins and follow the Lord who gave Himself for us. We do not earn eternal life through sacrifice, and He does not command self-hatred or require us to excuse preventable harm. His bodily resurrection gives us reason to entrust the losses of faithfulness to Him while continuing in the life He has freely given.
When I use the word regeneration, I am talking about someone who has genuinely been born again, not just someone who calls himself a Christian. A person can call himself a Christian, but we need to see evidence of the new creation through his actions. Jesus’ conversation with Nicodemus explains why even a respected religious teacher needed this change and how a sinner receives the life only God can give.
Nicodemus Needed New Life
John 2 ends with people believing in Jesus’ name because they had seen His signs. Yet Jesus did not entrust Himself to them, because He knew what was in man. In the next chapter, Nicodemus came to Him at night and acknowledged that His signs showed God was with Him. He was a Pharisee, a ruler of the Jews, and a recognized teacher of Israel. His respectful words and religious credentials did not remove the need Jesus addressed:
Jesus answered and said to him, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God.”
John 3:3
Jesus’ word “unless” leaves no alternative entrance into the kingdom. Nicodemus could not obtain spiritual life through Jewish ancestry or a thorough knowledge of the Law. An admirable reputation could not give it to him either. He needed God to make him alive, because the problem went beneath what he knew and how other people regarded him.
Spiritual death means separation from God’s life and bondage to sin. It does not mean a sinner cannot hear and respond when God appeals to him. Jesus spoke to Nicodemus and went on to call him to believe. God’s Word and Spirit convict and draw people, who remain responsible to receive what He offers or resist His appeal. Responding in faith does not mean a sinner has somehow produced his own spiritual life.
Paul describes what God does for the person who comes to Christ:
Therefore, if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation; old things have passed away; behold, all things have become new.
2 Corinthians 5:17
A new believer now belongs to Christ and has a relationship with God he did not have before. He still needs instruction and correction, so we should not expect him to know everything a mature believer knows. The new birth is a real beginning; maturity develops afterward. A man newly converted may still appear less polished than someone who has spent years around religion, while possessing the life that religious person still needs.
I cannot determine whether someone has been born again simply by how impressive he appears in church. Nicodemus already had learning and standing in his community when Jesus told him he needed new life. Growing up among Christians and learning to explain their beliefs can be valuable, but neither takes the place of personally receiving Christ.
Born Again Means Born From Above
Nicodemus took Jesus to mean a second physical birth and asked how an old man could enter his mother’s womb again. The Greek phrase gennethe anothen can mean “born again” or “born from above.” Jesus answered by explaining that the life Nicodemus needed must come from the Spirit:
Jesus answered, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit, he cannot enter the kingdom of God.”
John 3:5
That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit.
John 3:6
Natural birth gives us human life, but it cannot give us spiritual life. Jesus compared the Spirit’s work to the wind, whose sound we hear without being able to direct its course. We cannot manufacture the new birth either. The Spirit gives that life, and His work becomes evident in the person He makes alive.
Some understand “water and the Spirit” as physical birth followed by spiritual birth. The contrast between flesh and Spirit in verse 6 helps explain that reading. I find a fuller background in Ezekiel 36:25-27. God first promises cleansing from defilement and idols, then a new heart and a new human spirit, followed by His own Spirit dwelling within His people:
I will give you a new heart and put a new spirit within you; I will take the heart of stone out of your flesh and give you a heart of flesh. I will put My Spirit within you and cause you to walk in My statutes, and you will keep My judgments and do them.
Ezekiel 36:26-27
In John 3:10, Jesus rebuked Nicodemus for being Israel’s teacher and not understanding these things. God’s promise of cleansing and a changed heart was already in the Scriptures he taught. That is why I read “water and the Spirit” in light of Ezekiel’s promise.
I do not believe John 3:5 teaches that baptism produces regeneration. Baptism is a commanded act of obedience that publicly identifies a believer with Christ. It follows salvation rather than creating the new heart. An outward washing cannot replace faith in the Son or accomplish the Spirit’s work of making a sinner alive.
The New Birth Comes Through Faith in the Son
To explain how life comes through the Son, Jesus referred Nicodemus to Israel’s wilderness journey in Numbers 21. Israel had sinned against God, and venomous serpents brought death through the camp. God instructed Moses to raise a bronze serpent, and anyone who had been bitten could look at it and live. Jesus used that event to describe His own being lifted up:
And as Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have eternal life.
John 3:14-15
For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son, that whoever believes in Him should not perish but have everlasting life.
John 3:16
The Israelite who looked at the bronze serpent was not earning his recovery. God had provided the remedy and told him to look. In the same way, a sinner receives eternal life by believing in the Son. Faith doesn’t make him deserving of salvation or pay for any part of it. He is trusting the Savior to give what he could never obtain by improving himself.
I reject the Calvinist teaching of limited atonement, which says Christ’s saving death was only for the elect, those chosen for salvation. God loved the world and gave His Son so that whoever believes would not perish. His invitation is genuine for everyone, and Christ died for the whole world. People can resist God’s appeal and remain in unbelief, but everyone who believes in the Son receives eternal life.
Earlier, in the opening chapter of his Gospel, John describes the people who become God’s children:
But as many as received Him, to them He gave the right to become children of God, to those who believe in His name: who were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.
John 1:12-13
They receive Christ and believe in His name, yet the birth itself is God’s work. Christian parents can teach their children Scripture, but they cannot pass spiritual life to them through ancestry. Nor can anyone bring that life into existence through determination or decide another person’s conversion for him. Our response to the gospel is real, and God gives the right to become His children to those who receive His Son. Faith does not make that birth any less His work.
The Savior we trust is the eternal Son, fully God and fully man. He lived without sin and willingly gave Himself to be slain as the perfect sacrifice for our sins. Wicked men tortured and crucified Him, shedding His innocent blood and killing Him. The Father did not punish, curse, abandon, strike, bruise, or pour wrath on Jesus. Father and Son were united in saving sinners. Christ’s sacrifice was complete through His shed blood and death before He was buried and rose bodily from the dead. The Spirit gives life as a sinner believes this gospel, leaving us no grounds to boast. The study on the gospel examines His saving work further.
The Spirit Regenerates, Indwells, and Seals
Paul explains God’s saving work in Titus 3 by beginning with His mercy:
not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to His mercy He saved us, through the washing of regeneration and renewing of the Holy Spirit.
Titus 3:5
The Greek word palingenesia means regeneration or new birth. Paul joins that beginning with the Spirit’s renewal as part of God’s saving act. He does not divide them into separate stages or make either a reward for good conduct. Here he is explaining how God saves, while other passages describe the continuing renewal that follows salvation. A person does not gradually earn enough maturity to become spiritually alive.
Peter connects this new birth with God’s living Word:
having been born again, not of corruptible seed but incorruptible, through the word of God which lives and abides forever.
1 Peter 1:23
The Spirit brings sinners to life through the truth of the crucified and risen Christ. A person need not have a dramatic conversion account to tell, but he does need the Savior revealed in the gospel. An intense private experience cannot replace that truth or become another way to receive life apart from Christ.
The Holy Spirit who gives this life is a divine Person. We may feel deeply moved in a church service, but that feeling is not the Spirit Himself. Jesus promised His disciples a Helper who would remain with them:
And I will pray the Father, and He will give you another Helper, that He may abide with you forever.
John 14:16
Paul makes clear that having the Spirit is part of belonging to Christ:
Now if anyone does not have the Spirit of Christ, he is not His.
Romans 8:9
Every person who truly belongs to Christ has the Spirit, including believers who are still immature. We do not keep ourselves spiritually alive by maintaining the emotional intensity of a particular service or experience. The Spirit lives within us, bears witness that we belong to God, and teaches us through His Word. He convicts us when we sin, even when we would prefer not to be corrected. The study on the Holy Spirit’s indwelling and coming upon explains His continuing presence more fully.
Paul also describes what God does for those who have believed the gospel:
In Him you also trusted, after you heard the word of truth, the gospel of your salvation; in whom also, having believed, you were sealed with the Holy Spirit of promise.
Ephesians 1:13
The order is hearing the gospel, believing in Christ, and being sealed with the promised Spirit. The seal marks God’s ownership and gives the believer security. In the next verse, Paul calls the Spirit the guarantee of our inheritance until the purchased possession is redeemed. Our future rests on God’s commitment to keep His people.
I therefore reject the Arminian teaching that someone genuinely born again can later lose that life. God keeps the people He has made alive. That assurance does not authorize me to rebel against Him. In Ephesians 4:30, Paul tells believers not to grieve the Spirit who sealed them for the day of redemption. In that same passage, he tells them to put away lying and to forgive one another. Being secure in Christ gives me no excuse to keep deceiving people or nursing a grudge against a fellow believer.
New Life Produces Living Fruit
Good works cannot cause regeneration, but the life God gives will not remain permanently fruitless. We should expect the Spirit’s presence to begin showing in a believer’s conduct. John gives us practical evidence of knowing Christ:
Now by this we know that we know Him, if we keep His commandments.
1 John 2:3
John had already warned against claiming to have no sin and instructed believers to confess their sins. He also identified Jesus as our Advocate, the One who acts on our behalf with the Father (1 John 1:8-2:6). John is not demanding sinless perfection. But a man cannot reasonably claim to know Christ while treating His commands as something he has no intention of obeying. New birth changes how we respond to the Lord, even while we still need correction and have much to learn.
We know that we have passed from death to life, because we love the brethren.
1 John 3:14
John explains this love in practical terms. If I see a fellow believer in need and have the means to help, love should move me to act rather than leave him with a few kind words (1 John 3:16-18). Being pleasant to people at church is not the whole of loving the brethren. The Spirit teaches us to care for people who belong to Christ, even when helping costs us time or money.
We should not demand instant maturity from a new believer. Old habits may still need to be confronted, and fear can hinder his growth. If a believer loses his temper, he needs to confess that sin and learn self-control. That does not mean he must be converted again every time he needs correction. His willingness to acknowledge the sin and receive instruction is part of learning to obey the Lord who saved him.
I should also be careful about reassuring someone who calls himself a Christian while remaining content to reject Christ’s commands. His label does not settle whether he has been born again. Obedience provides evidence of new life without purchasing it. John allows for struggle and confession, but he gives no reassurance to someone who intends to remain in unbelief and disobedience.
For the person who truly belongs to Christ, a difficult week does not undo the Spirit’s seal. We confess sin because it grieves the One who now lives within us, and we receive His correction without trying to earn our way back into life. Our assurance rests in the Savior and His promise to keep us, while His work begins to show in how we live.
My Final Thoughts
I cannot give myself the life Jesus said Nicodemus needed, and years around religion cannot supply it. God gives that life through His Spirit as a sinner believes in His Son. If you have not received Christ, His invitation is genuine: turn to Him in repentance and faith. If you belong to Him, you can trust His keeping power while learning to live as someone He has made new.