Cities of refuge were established to protect individuals who had unintentionally killed someone. These cities served as places of safety where the person could flee to avoid revenge from the victim’s family, known as the avenger of blood, until a proper trial could take place. This provision upheld justice while preventing bloodshed motivated by vengeance.
“You shall separate three cities for yourself… that any manslayer may flee there… who kills his neighbor unintentionally, not having hated him in time past.” (Deuteronomy 19:2–4)
The cities did not protect murderers, but only those who committed manslaughter without premeditation. The elders of the city would investigate the case. If the death was found to be accidental, the person was allowed to live in the city of refuge until the death of the high priest, after which they could return home without fear.
“Then the congregation shall judge between the manslayer and the avenger of blood… and the congregation shall deliver the manslayer from the hand of the avenger of blood.” (Numbers 35:24–25)
This system preserved life and upheld fairness. It acknowledged the difference between murder and accidental death, preventing unjust retaliation while maintaining accountability.
Spiritually, the cities of refuge picture Christ, who is the place of safety for sinners fleeing judgment. In Him, there is refuge, justice, and mercy.
