Adoption in the Bible is both a literal act of bringing a child into a family and a powerful spiritual picture of God’s grace. It is portrayed positively as an act of compassion, responsibility, and covenant love.
In the Old Testament, examples include Moses, who was adopted by Pharaoh’s daughter (Exodus 2:10), and Esther, who was raised by her cousin Mordecai as his own daughter (Esther 2:7). These examples show that adoption was practiced and honored.
The New Testament expands adoption as a theological truth. Believers in Christ are called adopted sons and daughters of God. Romans 8:15 says:
“For you did not receive the spirit of bondage again to fear, but you received the Spirit of adoption by whom we cry out, ‘Abba, Father.’”
Through faith in Jesus, we are brought into God’s family, no longer outsiders or servants, but children with full inheritance rights. Galatians 4:4–5 echoes this:
“God sent forth His Son… to redeem those who were under the law, that we might receive the adoption as sons.”
This spiritual adoption is permanent, secured by God Himself. It is not based on merit, but on His love and mercy.
Adoption also aligns with God’s care for the vulnerable. James 1:27 says:
“Pure and undefiled religion before God… is this: to visit orphans and widows in their trouble…”
Caring for orphans, which includes adoption, reflects God’s heart and commands. It is an act of obedience and love that mirrors the gospel.
Whether physical or spiritual, adoption in Scripture highlights the themes of belonging, redemption, and grace. It is a beautiful picture of how God brings the outcast into His family through Jesus Christ.