What is the difference between justification and sanctification?

Justification and sanctification are two distinct but connected aspects of salvation. Both are works of God’s grace, but they serve different purposes in the believer’s life.

Justification is a legal declaration by God that a person is righteous based on faith in Jesus Christ. It happens instantly at the moment of salvation. Romans 5:1 says:

“Therefore, having been justified by faith, we have peace with God through our Lord Jesus Christ.”

In justification:

  • The believer is forgiven of all sin.
  • Christ’s righteousness is imputed to them.
  • They are declared not guilty before God.

It is not earned by works but received by faith alone (Romans 3:28).

Sanctification, on the other hand, is the lifelong process of being made holy, becoming more like Christ in thought, action, and character. 1 Thessalonians 4:3 says:

“For this is the will of God, your sanctification: that you should abstain from sexual immorality.”

In sanctification:

  • The believer grows in obedience.
  • The power of sin is broken.
  • The Holy Spirit transforms the inner life.

Hebrews 10:14 shows how both concepts relate:

“For by one offering He has perfected forever those who are being sanctified.”

Justification is once for all; sanctification is ongoing. One changes our standing before God; the other changes our conduct and nature.

Both are essential. Justification brings us into right relationship with God. Sanctification proves and displays that reality through a transformed life. True faith will always lead to both.

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