What does the Bible say about Nicodemus?

Nicodemus is first introduced in John 3:1–2 as a Pharisee and a ruler of the Jews, identified also as a member of the Sanhedrin. He came to Jesus by night, acknowledging Him as a teacher come from God, saying, “No one can do these signs that You do unless God is with him.” Jesus responded directly to his need for spiritual rebirth, saying, “Most assuredly, I say to you, unless one is born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God” (John 3:3).

Nicodemus questioned how a man could be born when he is old. Jesus explained that one must be born of water and the Spirit to enter the kingdom of God (John 3:5). He went on to speak of the new birth as a work of the Holy Spirit and pointed to His own coming sacrifice, saying, “As Moses lifted up the serpent in the wilderness, even so must the Son of Man be lifted up” (John 3:14), referring to His crucifixion. The passage continues with the well-known declaration: “For God so loved the world that He gave His only begotten Son” (John 3:16).

Nicodemus appears again in John 7:50–51, where he speaks in defense of Jesus before the Sanhedrin, questioning whether the law permits judging a man before hearing him. Though subtle, this shows that Nicodemus was beginning to separate himself from the growing opposition to Jesus.

Finally, in John 19:39–40, after Jesus’ crucifixion, Nicodemus came with Joseph of Arimathea to prepare Jesus’ body for burial. He brought a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred pounds, a costly and reverent gift. Together, they wrapped Jesus’ body and placed it in a tomb.

Nicodemus’ progression from a secret inquirer to a bold participant in Jesus’ burial reveals a heart moved by truth and drawn to Christ. His life reflects the transforming work of belief in the Son of God and the courage that follows genuine faith.

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