All the world / whole world in limited historical scope
Here’s what it means
The phrase can refer to the entire inhabited world known in the context, a broad region, or people generally rather than every individual without exception.
Why the Bible says it this way
An idiom is a familiar phrase whose meaning comes from the whole expression, not from reading each word by itself.
A helpful detail: Some uses truly are universal. The phrase’s scope must come from context rather than a rule that always narrows or always maximizes it.