Athens, the capital of ancient Greece, is mentioned in Acts 17 as the city where Paul delivered a significant address during his second missionary journey. The city was known for its philosophy, art, and idolatry.
Paul arrived in Athens after being sent away from Berea due to rising opposition. While waiting for Silas and Timothy, “his spirit was provoked within him when he saw that the city was given over to idols” (Acts 17:16). He began reasoning in the synagogue with the Jews and in the marketplace daily with those who happened to be there.
Some of the Epicurean and Stoic philosophers encountered him and brought him to the Areopagus (Mars Hill), a prominent place of discussion and judgment, asking, “May we know what this new doctrine is of which you speak?” (Acts 17:19–20).
Paul stood in the midst of the Areopagus and addressed the Athenians by acknowledging their religiosity and referencing an altar inscribed “TO THE UNKNOWN GOD.” He declared that the true God, whom they worshipped in ignorance, is the Creator of all things, who does not dwell in temples made with hands (Acts 17:22–25). He taught that God commands all men everywhere to repent, because He has appointed a day of judgment and confirmed it by raising Jesus from the dead (Acts 17:30–31).
When they heard of the resurrection, some mocked, others wanted to hear more, and some believed, including Dionysius the Areopagite and a woman named Damaris (Acts 17:32–34).
Athens represents the intellectual center of the ancient world, yet it was lost in idolatry and human wisdom. Paul’s bold preaching in this environment shows that the Gospel addresses both the conscience and the intellect, confronting idolatry and calling all people to repentance through the risen Christ.
