Onesimus is a central figure in the book of Philemon. He was a bondservant or slave belonging to Philemon, a Christian living in Colossae. Onesimus had fled from his master, possibly having wronged him or stolen from him in the process (Philemon 11, 18). During his time away, Onesimus encountered the Apostle Paul, who was imprisoned, and under Paul’s influence he became a believer: “I appeal to you for my son Onesimus, whom I have begotten while in my chains” (Philemon 10).
Paul testifies that though Onesimus was formerly unprofitable to Philemon, he had now become profitable both to Paul and to Philemon (Philemon 11). The name “Onesimus” itself means “useful” or “profitable,” and Paul uses this meaning to highlight the transformation in his life.
Paul sent Onesimus back to Philemon with a heartfelt letter, not under compulsion but appealing to Philemon’s Christian character. He asked that Onesimus be received “no longer as a slave but more than a slave—a beloved brother” (Philemon 16). Paul was even willing to bear any debt Onesimus owed, writing, “Put that on my account” (Philemon 18). This act reflects the Gospel itself, where Christ takes the place of sinners and pays their debt.
Though Scripture does not record Philemon’s response, the tone of the letter suggests confidence that he would act graciously (Philemon 21). Later church tradition holds that Onesimus became a bishop in the early church, possibly in Ephesus, showing the lasting fruit of Paul’s ministry.
Onesimus represents the transforming power of the Gospel. From a fugitive slave to a faithful brother in Christ, his life displays how salvation restores relationships, removes status barriers, and calls believers to mutual love and forgiveness.